Age at Marriage and Its Relationship with Fertility Patterns among Women in Urban Slums of Lucknow

Abstract

Introduction: In urban slums, where a large population of poor and uneducated adolescent girls resides, the issue of early marriage is more acute when compared with data for a similar age group from urban non-slum areas. Despite legal provisions against child marriage, the problem persists, particularly in economically disadvantaged areas. Many studies have shown a negative relationship between age at marriage and fertility. Age at marriage is an important demographic variable, influencing fertility. Since most birth take place within marriage in many traditional societies. It seems quite reasonable to assume that age of marriage is likely to affect the number of children women eventually bears. Thus, considering age at first marriage as the prime determinant of fertility in the context of Uttar Pradesh, an attempt will be made in the study to identify the important socio-economic and demographic factor influencing the female’s age at first marriage and the impact of age at first marriage on fertility in selected slums of Lucknow.

Materials & Methods: A descriptive survey approach was adopted to collect data from a sample of 100 married women residing in urban slums through convenience sampling. The study analyzed demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, income, religion, and family type in relation to the age of marriage. The impact of early marriage on fertility indicators, including the number of pregnancies, living children, abortions, and stillbirths, was also examined. 

Results: The study found that the average marriage age in urban slums of Lucknow falls within the range of 18.5 to 21.5 years. Demographic variables such as education, occupation, income, and family type were not significantly associated with the age of marriage, while religion showed a significant association. Furthermore, the study revealed that early marriage did not have a substantial impact on fertility indicators, as there was no significant correlation between age at marriage and the number of pregnancies, living children, abortions, or stillbirths. 

Conclusion: Early marriage remains a pressing concern in urban slums, with implications for women's fertility. While demographic factors did not significantly influence age at marriage, the impact on fertility indicators was minimal. Public awareness and education are vital in addressing this issue.